Figure 1

Mitochondrial dysfunctions in cancer. Schematic representation of mitochondrial enzymes involved in cancer, focusing on enzymes of the TCA cycle (A) and of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase (B). The type of cancer associated with each individual enzyme is listed in boxes. The color of the text indicates if the enzyme has been found upregulated (red), downregulated (blue), or mutated (black) in the given tumor type. CS citrate synthase, Aco aconitase, IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase, IDH* mutant IDH, OGDH oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, SDH succinate dehydrogenase, FH fumarate hydratase, ME malic enzyme, MDH malate dehydrogenase, PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, OG 2-oxoglutarate, 2HG 2-hydroxyglutarate, HLRCC hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, PGL/PCC hereditary paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma, CI–CV complex I–V, Cyt c cytochrome c, UQ ubiquinone, UQH ₂ ubiquinol, ROS reactive oxygen species, ATPIF ATP synthase inhibitory factor. Dashed lines indicate a series of reaction in a complex pathway, whereas solid lines indicate a single step reaction.