Figure 1
From: Acidosis induces reprogramming of cellular metabolism to mitigate oxidative stress
The use of 13C glucose isotope tracers to analyze the glucose metabolism under acidosis. (A) Schematic graph indicating various measured metabolites (and corresponding panels) in major metabolic pathways resulting from the 1,213C labeled glucose tracer (green). 13C labeled and unlabeled carbons are indicated in red and black, respectively. (B-G) Relative 13C enrichment under control or acidosis conditions for glucose (B), CO2(C), lactate (D), glutamate (E), ribonucleic acids (F), and fatty acids (G). Lactate (D) is presented as the total 13C labeled lactate pool as well as 1 (C1) and 2 (C2) labeled carbon subpools. Glutamate (E) is presented as both the 2 (C2) and 4 (C4) labeled subpools. Ribonucleic acids (F) are presented as the 13C positions 1 to 4 and 13C positions 3 to 5 subpools. Fatty acids (G) are presented as 2-carbon 13C-labeled palmitate and oleate. Error bars are mean ± SD, significant P values are indicated (*P ≤0.05, **P ≤0.01, ***P ≤0.001).