Fig. 1

Quantification of cell numbers and determination of de novo DNA synthesis in MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with AMB-1. A Representative images of human breast cancer cells co-cultured under hypoxic conditions for 48 h with different ratios of AMB-1 bacteria. Images show MDA-MB-231 cells stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue), scale bar: 100 µm. B Graphical representation of the fluorescence intensities measured in Fig. 1A. Cell counts were normalized to the control condition (n = 3 biological replicates per condition, statistical significance was assessed with an ordinary one-way ANOVA test). C EdUKit was used to examine cellular proliferation after 24-h exposure to AMB-1 and 5-FU (positive control). MDA-MB-231 cells were marked by EdU (red) and Hoechst 33342 (blue), scale bar: 100 µm. D The EdU fluorescence intensity of the images in Fig. 1C was assessed, and the normalized mean CTCF was plotted (n = 3 biological replicates per condition, statistical significance was assessed with a one-way ANOVA test). E The extent of EdU-positive cells was determined by dividing EdU-stained cells by the number of Hoechst 33342 stained cells (n = 3 biological replicates per condition, statistical significance was assessed with an ordinary one-way ANOVA test)