Fig. 3
PDK1 and PDK2 silencing modulated TGF-β1-promoted Warburg effects in HNC cells. A SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (4×105 cells/3 ml) were pretreated with or without 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 medium for 48 h. Cells (1×104 cells/200 μl) were then seeded in a 96-well plate with or without TGF-β1 for 24 h, and then the medium was changed to a serum-free medium. After incubation for 24 h, lactate concentration in the supernatant was examined using the L-Lactate Assay kit. B SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells and FaDu shLuc, shPDK1#263, and shPDK2#315 (4×105 cells/3 ml) treated with or without TGF-β1 were seeded in a 6-cm culture dish for 48 h. We measured the ATP production of the cells (4×105 cells). C SAS shLuc, shPDK1, and shPDK2 cells (1×106 cells/3 ml) were seeded in a 6-cm dish overnight. Metabolism gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. D SAS shLuc, shPDK1#261, and shPDK2#315 cells (1×106 cells/3 ml) treated with or without TGF-β1 were seeded in a 6-cm dish overnight. Metabolism gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005; ****p < 0.0001