Fig. 3

Validation of HK1-induced effects using HK1 knock-down (KD) in TOV-112D cells. a Immunoblot of HK1 and HK2 in HK1 or HK2 KD TOV-112D cells and in control cells with the empty vector (EV). b The ATP levels in metformin-treated TOV-112D cells with HK1 or HK2 KD that were cultivated in DMEM with altered glucose (5.5 mM or 0.4 mM), glutamine (2 mM or 0 mM) in the presence or absence of 2 mM metformin for 24 h. c AlamarBlue absorbance relative to that in the medium with 5.5 mM glucose generated by the HK1 or HK2 KD TOV-112D cells that were cultivated for 24 h in DMEM with 5.5 mM or 0.4 mM glucose or with 5.5 mM fructose in the presence or absence of 2 mM or 10 mM metformin