Figure 5

Ketone bodies inhibit tumor cell-conditioned medium-induced degradation of myofibers and adipolysis. Differentiated C2C12 cells were treated with S2-013 (A) and Capan1 (B) cell-conditioned medium with or without solvent control and 10 and 20 mM NaHB and LiAcAc for 72 h, and bright-field images were represented for individual treatments. (C) Differentiated C2C12 cells were cultured in Capan1 and S2-013 cell-conditioned medium with or without ketone body treatment for 24 h. Total RNA was isolated and relative mRNA levels of MuRF1 and Atrogin were determined by performing qRT-PCR. β-Actin was utilized as an internal control. Differentiated 3T3L1 cells were cultured in S2-013 (D) and Capan1 (E) cell-conditioned medium with or without ketone body treatment for 72 h and stained with nile red. Fluorescent and bright-field images for individual treatments are presented. (F) Differentiated 3T3L1 cells were cultured in Capan1 and S2-013 cell-conditioned medium with or without ketone body treatment for 24 h. Total RNA was isolated and relative mRNA levels of Zag and HSL were determined by qRT-PCR. β-Actin was utilized as an internal control. Values represented are mean ± SEM. All statistical analyses were conducted with one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test and CM as the reference group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.