Fig. 1
From: ASS1 and ASL suppress growth in clear cell renal cell carcinoma via altered nitrogen metabolism
ccRCC tumors exhibit alterations in urea cycle components. A Metabolic gene set analysis of mRNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classified based on KEGG. A ranked list of metabolic gene sets was generated based on log2 scale fold expression changes in ccRCC tumors (n = 538) and normal kidney (n = 72). B The urea shunt as configured in the kidney. *Citrulline from diet. C Survival analysis based on TCGA expression data for ASS1 and ASL high (n = 90) and ASS1 and ASL low (n = 236) patients. *p < 0.05. D mRNA-seq data of ASS1 and ASL in normal kidney vs ccRCC tumors (TCGA). ****p < 0.001, ***p = 0.001, Mann-Whitney test. E Representative immunohistochemistry images with quantification for ASS1 or ASL protein expression in matched tumor-normal pairs (Biomax KD601) n = 30. Scale bars represent 100 μm. ****p < 0.001, Welch’s t-test. F ASS1 and ASL protein levels in HK-2 (immortalized kidney epithelial) cells and various ccRCC cell lines. HSP90 and actin serve as loading controls