Fig. 3

Effect of combination treatment on glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolites. UVW/NAT cells were treated with 3 Gy X-radiation, 1 mM metformin, or 2.5 mM 2DG as single agents or in triple combination for 24 h. Cells were then harvested in solvent extraction buffer and analysed by mass spectrometry in quadruplicate. a Principal component analysis (PCA) plot showing biological variation within the data set, which was then used to calculate the weighted distance between each culture condition and their respective mean values ± SD. Intracellular relative intensity of b glycolytic intermediates (including a schematic representation of the glycolytic pathway), c tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites and d by-products of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Data are means ± SD, n = 4. Treatment vs control: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; treatment vs 2-DG: ^†††p < 0.0001 following a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction