Fig. 3
From: The diversity and breadth of cancer cell fatty acid metabolism
Lipolysis and lipophagy of lipid droplet contained neutral lipids. Neutral lipids including triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and acylceramides are broken down through the actions of neutral lipases (lipolysis) or lipophagy to liberate fatty acids. Triacylglycerol lipolysis is catalyzed by a series of reactions by ATGL, HSL, and MAGL. ATGL activity is activated by protein-protein interaction with ABHD5 and suppressed by G0S2 and HILPDA. Fatty acids liberated by lipolysis or lipophagy are activated by ACSL to form fatty acyl-CoAs. Triacylglycerol and acylceramide synthesis are catalyzed by DGAT using fatty acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol or ceramide as substrates. ABHD5 abhydrolase domain containing 5, ACSL long-chain acyl-CoA synthase, ATGL adipose triacylglycerol lipase, DG diacylglycerol, DGAT diacylglycerol acyltransferase, FA-CoA fatty acyl-CoA, FA fatty acid, G0S2 G0/G1 switch gene 2, HILPDA hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein, HSL hormone-sensitive lipase, MAGL monoglyceride lipase