Fig. 2
Metformin inhibited rituximab-sensitive and resistant B-cell lymphoma cell lines viability. a RSCL and RRCL were treated with accumulative concentration of metformin for 24, 48, or 72 h, respectively. Presto blue assays were performed to assess growth inhibition of metformin. The results are determined as percentage of viable cells compared with control. IC50 results were obtained from GraphPad Prism6 after metformin 72 h treatment. b RSCL and RRCL cells were cultured in the presence or absence of metformin 16 mM for 48 h. Cell number in each condition was counted by Trypan blue. c Ki-67 was stained followed by flow cytometry analysis in RSCL and RRCL exposed to DMSO control or metformin (16 mM) for 48 h. d Cells were exposed to metformin 16 mM for 48 hours, and then ATP levels in each of cell lines were assessed by Titer Glo and normalized to the cell number. ATP production was calculated as percentage to the untreated control (100%). e Primary tumor cells isolated from patients with either newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma cells were exposed to metformin (16 mM) for 48 h. Titer Glo assay was performed to assess growth inhibition. The results are determined as percentage of viable cells compared with control. Data represented mean ± SD derived from 3 independent experiments