Fig. 2

PEPCK promotes lactate utilization. a Schematic of ¹³C₃ lactate incorporation into various metabolites. Relative abundance of m + 2 b citrate, c αKG, d fumarate, and e total ¹³C PEP were determined in shNT or shPEPCK Colo205 cells following incubation with ¹³C₃ lactate. f Relative abundance of total ¹³C palmitate in shNT or shPEPCK Colo205 cells following incubation with ¹³C₃ lactate. Cells were seeded in 6-cm dishes and incubated in reduced nutrient media overnight with and without 10 mM ¹³C lactate for 6 h (polar) or 16 h (non-polar), and metabolites harvested and analyzed using GC/MS N ≥ 3 ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001