Fig. 4

Exercise-responsive tumors exhibit differential metabolic responses to exercise compared to non-responsive tumors. a Volcano plot for fold changes of metabolites between exercise groups of the three responsive and three non-responsive physical activity PDX models. There were 24 significantly altered metabolites (p < 0.05, paired Student’s t test). b Heat map composed of fold changes (exercise versus control) of the 24 significantly altered metabolites between exercise-responsive and exercise non-responsive PDX models, displayed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. c Oxidative stress as measured by ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione levels. Error bars are standard error of the mean (SEM). d–f Key metabolic pathways broken down by individual metabolites, segregated into four experimental subgroups. Error bars are representative of standard error of mean (SEM). * indicates p < 0.05, paired Student’s t test. g Relative fold changes in phosphocreatine levels between control and exercise groups, compared between exercise-responsive and exercise-nonresponsive tumors. Error bars are representative of standard error of mean (SEM). * indicates p < 0.05, paired Student’s t test