Fig. 8

LDHA regulates metabolic resistance in CEM cells. a CEM PA and CEM RES cells were treated with LDH inhibitor (GSK) for 48 h. Relative cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay in respect to Mock. b, c CEM PA and CEM RES cells were treated with 20 μM GSK for 48 h; ATP (b) and NAD(H) (c) levels were determined. d, e CEM PA and CEM RES cells were treated with 10 and 20 μM GSK for 48 h. Cell cycle analysis and percentage of apoptotic cell were determined, respectively. f, g CEM PA and CEM RES cells were treated with 20 μM GSK for 48 h; quantitative RT-PCR of ATF4/CHOP (f) and LDHA (g) was determined, respectively. Expression of GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. h Synergistic effect of FK866 and GSK was detected by a strong reduction of ATP level in CEM RES cells. ATP level was measured in CEM RES cells treated with 5 nM FK866, 20 μM GSK, and co-treatment between FK866 and GSK for 48 h. All data were represent as mean ± S.D. from three independent experiments (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)