Fig. 3From: The α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in cancer metabolic plasticitySchematic representation of the influence of α-KG levels and compartmentalization on PHDs and ATP synthase. PHDs have a dual role in the context of cell response to resources availability. PHDs control both adaptations to reduced oxygen levels, through HIF1α destabilization, and to nutrient availability via mTOR promotion. Cytosolic accumulation of α-KG may promote both PHDs and mTOR pathway and may inhibit HIF1 signaling. Conversely, mitochondrial accumulation of α-KG may prevent mTOR activation through the ATP synthase inhibitionBack to article page