Metabolic requirements for cancer cell proliferation

Table 2 Molar precursor and cofactor demands for producing nonessential biomass components

Precursor/cofactor	Cellular biosynthesis requirements
	Synthesis of nonessential components		Uptake of nonessential components
	mmol/g_DCW	fmol/cell^a	mmol/g_DCW	fmol/cell^a
G6P	0.289	104	0.289	104
R5P	0.233	83.8	0.233	83.8
DHAP	0.119	42.8	0.119	42.8
3PG	1.24	448	0	0
Pyr	0.600	216	0	0
AcCoA	2.46	893	0.324	117
Oaa	0.760	274	0	0
aKG	1.02	368	0	0
1C	0.255	91.8	0.255	91.8
Nitrogen	4.89	1.76 × 10³	0.891	321
O₂	0.387	139	0.198	71.3
NAD⁺	1.19	428	0.0654	23.5
NADPH	5.21	1.88 × 10³	0.607	219
ATP	36.0	1.30 × 10⁴	32.1	1.16 × 10⁴

Demands are shown for two separate cases: (1) where all nonessential amino acids and fatty acids are synthesized de novo and (2) where all nonessential amino acids and fatty acids are taken up from the medium. Entries that are identical between the cases indicate that cells cannot substitute nutrient consumption for biosynthesis. Entries that are smaller in “Uptake” than “Synthesis” indicate that cells can substitute nutrient uptake for biosynthesis (by a quantity equal to the difference)
^afmol/cell values assume a DCW of 360 pg/cell

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