From: Mitophagy and cancer
Gene (human/mouse) | Linked human cancer | Mouse model phenotype | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Mitophagy regulators | Â | Â | Â |
  Parkin | Parkin located at chr. 6q25-q26 is significantly deleted in bladder, lung, breast, and ovarian cancer. | Parkin null mice are susceptible to liver tumors; sensitized to irradiation-induced lymphomagenesis. | |
  BNIP3/Bnip3 | BNIP3 is up-regulated in DCIS; epigenetically silenced in hematologic, liver, lung, colorectal, and pancreas cancer. | Knockdown of BNIP3 promotes metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. | |
  BNIP3L/Bnip3L (NIX/Nix) | NIX is up-regulated in DCIS correlating with hypoxia. | Knockdown of NIX promotes tumorigenicity in xenograft model. | |
Autophagy regulators | Â | Â | Â |
  BECN1/Becn1 | Mono-allelic deletion BECN1 in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer, although linkage to BRCA1 calls significance of BECN1 deletion into question. | Becn1 heterozygotes are predisposed to lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other cancers; Becln1 deficiency promotes tumor growth in xenografts. | |
  p62/SQSTM1 | p62/SQSTM1 amplification on chr.5q linked to clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Over-expressed in lung, breast and prostate cancer. | p62-null mice resistant to Ras-driven lung tumorigenesis. Loss of p62 reduces liver tumorigenesis in Atg7-deficient mice and other models. | |
  ATG5/Atg5 | Not reported. | Deletion of Atg5 promotes early-stage tumor growth in K-Ras driven lung and pancreas cancers but inhibits progression to malignancy. | |
  ATG7/Atg7 | Silenced in HNSCC. | Deletion of Atg7 promotes early-stage tumor growth in K-Ras and B-Raf-driven lung and K-Ras-driven pancreas cancers but inhibits progression to malignancy. | |
  FIP200 (RB1CC1) | Inactivating truncation mutations found in human breast cancers leads to repression of the RB tumor suppressor. | Loss of FIP200 inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis in the MMTV-PyVT mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis in a p62-dependent manner. |