Figure 6
From: Metabolic reprogramming induced by ketone bodies diminishes pancreatic cancer cachexia
Ketone bodies modulate metabolite levels in pancreatic cancer cells. (A) OPLS-DA score plot generated from 1D 1H NMR spectra collected from cell lysates of S2-013 cells (red square) and S2-013 cells treated with 20 mM NaHB (green diamond); each point in the OPLS-DA score plot represents a single 1D 1H NMR spectrum. Ellipses enclose the 95% confidence intervals estimated by the sample means and covariances of each class. The leave-n-out cross validation yielded a quality assessment (Q2) value of 0.959 and R2 value of 0.997. The OPLS-DA model was validated using CV-ANOVA yielding a p value of 8.74 × 10−6. (B) Heat map generated from 2D 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectral data for S2-013 cells. The heat map represents triplicate measurements of metabolite intensities recorded (*P < 0.1; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001). (C) Metabolic pathway depicts 13C carbon flow from glucose to the intermediates of glycolytic pathway, citric acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide analogues. The arrows represent relative increase (green arrow up) or decrease (red arrow down) in metabolite concentrations due to ketone body treatment.