Fig. 4

Synergistic effects of LC on lipo-apoptosis in HIF-1α knockdown (KD) cells with PA treatment under hypoxia. A Cell death rates in KD and scramble control (SC) cells of two HCC cell lines with a combination treatment of PA (0, 100 μM) with LC (0, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM) under hypoxia for 48 hours. B Western blot analysis of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP protein expression in KD and SC cells that were treated with 100 μM PA and/or 2 mM LC under 48 hours hypoxia. C Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) activity in KD and SC cells under normoxia (DMOG-) and hypoxia mimicking (DMOG+) conditions with 100 μM PA and/or 2 mM LC for 12 hours. D Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in KD and SC cells with 100 μM PA and/or 2 mM LC treatment under normoxia (N) and hypoxia (H) for 48 hours. Values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (A, C, D). N.S.: not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus control