Fig. 5

Investigation of additional pathways for pyruvate generation. a Metabolic pathways that may generate pyruvate from other intermediates during PKM1/2 knockdown. PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PC, pyruvate carboxylase. b ¹³C-Glutamine labeling of intracellular metabolites for 60 min in wild-type (WT) and PHGDH/NPL dual KO D7 PDAC cells with PKM1/2 knockdown. c ¹³C-Serine labeling of intracellular metabolites for 60 min in PHGDH/NPL dual KO D7 PDAC cells with PKM1/2 knockdown. d ¹³C-Tryptophan, ¹³C-threonine, and ¹³C-cysteine labeling of intracellular metabolites for 60 min in PHGDH/NPL dual KO D7 PDAC cells with PKM1/2 knockdown. The y-axis for all graphs is the percent labeling of indicated ¹³C-isotopologue. Experiments were performed in triplicates and all data are displayed as the mean values ± standard error. Ser, serine; Trp, tryptophan; Thr, threonine; Cys, cysteine